Note 3. Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC No. 606. Under ASC No. 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC No. 606. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company does not collect sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table details the revenue from customers disaggregated by source of revenue.

Infrastructure revenue

Revenues in the Infrastructure segment are derived from construction services, which in Benchmark are derived from short-term construction projects ranging from 6 to 12 months in duration under fixed-price contracts. The Company has determined that these short-term construction projects provide a distinct service and, therefore, qualify as one performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. Revenue from fixed-price contracts provide for a fixed amount of revenue for the entire project, subject to certain additions for modified scope or specifications to the original project. Revenue is recognized over time, because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer as all the work is performed at the customer’s site and, therefore, the customer controls the asset as it is being constructed. This continuous transfer of control to the customer is further supported by clauses in the contract that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay us for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit and take control of any work in process.

Under ASC No.606, the cost-to-cost measure of progress continues to best depict the transfer of control of assets to the customer, which occurs as we incur costs. Contract costs include labor, material, and other direct costs. Contract modifications are routine in the performance of the contracts. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in the contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contact modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct, therefore, accounted for as part of the existing contract. Cost to obtain contracts (pre-contract costs) are generally charged to expense as incurred and included in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

Certain construction contracts include retention provisions to provide assurance to the customers that the Company will perform in accordance with the contract terms and, therefore, not considered a financing benefit. The balances billed but not paid by customers pursuant to these provisions generally become due upon completion and acceptance of the project work or products by the customer. The Company has determined that there are no significant financing components in its contracts during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

Costs to mobilize equipment and labor to a job site prior to substantive work beginning are capitalized as incurred and amortized over the expected duration of the contract. As of June 30, 2018, and January 1, 2018, the Company had no material capitalized mobilization costs.

Revenue from telecommunication services from FTE Network Services are derived from short-term projects performed under master and other service agreements as well as from contracts for specific projects or jobs requiring the installation of an entire infrastructure system or specified units within an entire infrastructure system. The Company has determined that these short-term projects provide a distinct service and therefore qualify as one performance obligation. The Company provides services under unit-price or fixed-price master service or other service agreements under which the Company furnishes specified units of service for a fixed-price per unit of service and revenue is recognized upon completion of the defined project due to its short-term nature.

Technology revenue

The Company also derives service revenues by managing wireless networks for customers to offer to their tenants and bills monthly in advance for the month’s services. The Company determined the wireless service contracts cover a single performance obligation and transfer control of access to the wireless service continuously, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits. Therefore, the revenue for the monthly wireless service, is considered to be recognized over time.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, retainage receivable and costs and estimated earning in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts (contract assets) on the consolidated balance sheet. In the infrastructure segment, amounts are billed as work in progress in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms at periodic intervals. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, the Company sometimes receives advances or deposits from its customers, before revenue is recognized, resulting in billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts (contract liabilities). These assets and liabilities are reported on the consolidated balance sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of the reporting period. Changes in the contract asset and liability balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were not materially impacted by any other factors.

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

As of January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2018 contract liabilities consisted of accrued subcontract costs, therefore, no amounts were recognized in revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 related to its contract liabilities.

Contract Acquisition Costs

The Company does not have commission programs or incur other contract fulfilment costs in obtaining new contracts. All personnel costs were expensed as current period costs.

Contract Estimates

Accounting for long-term contracts and programs involves the use of techniques to estimate total contract revenue and costs. Transaction price for contracts may include variable consideration, which includes increases to transaction price for approved and change orders, claims and other contract provisions. The Company includes variable consideration in the estimated transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur or when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available to the Company. The effect of variable consideration on the transaction price of a performance obligation is recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis. To the extent unapproved change orders and claims reflected in transaction price are not resolved in the Company’s favor, or to the extent other contract provisions reflected in the transaction price are not earned, there could be reductions in or reversals of, previously recognized revenue. No adjustment on any one contract was material to the consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

On June 30, 2018, the Company had approximately $132,000 of estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied).